Tsis muaj ib tug dev yug tau tarnished ntau dua American Pit Bull terrier. Cov xov xwm txhawb nqa cov tsiaj raws li ib tug txaus ntshai tsiaj vim yog tus dev koom nrog dogfighting thiab vicious pej xeem tawm tsam. Cov ntawv xov xwm tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 1980 thiab 1990s qhia tias tus dev kev ua phem yog caj ces.
Nws raug suav hais tias yog pej xeem yeeb ncuab uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho lossis cob qhia kom nyob nrog tib neeg. Cov tsev nyob tau pib ethanizing bulls ntawm qhov xav tsis thoob thaum cov neeg Amelikas ntshai ntshai yuav txais lawv, thiab qee lub nroog thiab cov tswv tsev cov koom haum txwv tsis pub cov bull yuav los yog kev saws me nyuam.
Public kev xav txog cov dev tau hloov, tab sis dab tsi yog qhov bulls bred rau thawj zaug? American Pit Bull tau nqis los ntawm Askiv Bull thiab Terrier crossbreeds nrov hauv xyoo 1800. Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus "Pit Bull" piav txog plaub hom: American Pit Bull, American Bulldog, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, thiab American Staffordshire Terrier. Kev faib tus dev ua "qhov bull" yog qhov nyuaj yam tsis muaj kev tshuaj xyuas DNA, thiab qee cov kws kho tsiaj tau kwv yees tias ntau npaum li 25 tus dev yug los ntawm cov chaw nyob yog mislabeled li bulls. feral nyuj nyob rau hauv lub 1800s, tab sis lawv kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv "bull baiting" kev sib tw nyob rau hauv lub British Isles. Tom qab kev txwv tsis pub noj nyuj, cov neeg ua haujlwm dev pib tuav "ratting" kev sib tw uas Pit Bulls tiv thaiv nas. Lo lus "dab bull" los ntawm qhov chaw uas nas muab tso rau tua dev.
19th Century: Pit's Origins
Bull baiting is an in humane sport that pitted English Bulldogs against bulls. Cov neeg tuav tes yuav muab ib lossis ob tug dev tso rau hauv lub nplhaib nrog ib tug nyuj, thiab tom qab teev ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov dev, tus nyuj yuav vau lossis tuag. Xyoo 1835, Askiv tau siv Txoj Cai Kev Ua Phem Rau Tsiaj Txhaum Cai uas txwv tsis pub noj nyuj.
Txawm hais tias txoj cai tiv thaiv bulls los ntawm kev tua, cov neeg ua haujlwm dev pib tuav "ratting" kev sib tw uas Pit Bulls tawm tsam nas. Lo lus "pit bull" yog los ntawm qhov chaw uas nas tau muab tso rau tua cov dev. Cov neeg saib yuav twv seb yuav ceev npaum li cas cov dev tuaj yeem tua nas, tab sis thaum kawg, tsoomfwv tau tsoo cov haujlwm tsis raug cai. Hmoov tsis zoo, qee tus tswv tsev dev pib tuav cov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg dog dig hauv kev teb rau tsoomfwv qhov kev ua.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus dab neeg hais tias dogfighters bred lawv cov tsiaj kom nruj, 19th century breeders nrhiav dev uas docile rau tib neeg. Lawv xav kom lawv cov dev los tawm tsam lawv cov neeg sib tw, tab sis cov Pits yuav tsum ua kom txaus los tuav hauv tsev thiab hauv lub nplhaib. Cov menyuam dev txhoj puab heev tau muab cais tawm ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab feem ntau raug tua kom tiv thaiv kev hloov ntawm qhov zoo rau cov xeeb ntxwv.
Tus Pit Bull hauv Tebchaws Meskas
Ua ntej pib Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw Askiv tuaj rau Tebchaws Meskas thiab coj lawv cov Pit Bulls. Cov dev tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev yug nyuj thiab yaj, saib xyuas thaj av, thiab tiv thaiv tsev neeg los ntawm tub sab. Xyoo 1889, tus dev ua haujlwm Askiv tau hu ua "American Pit Bull Terrier," tab sis American Kennel Club tsis lees paub tias nws yog hom tsiaj. Txawm hais tias nws tau siv rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis raug cai hauv Asmeskas xyoo pua 19th, Pit Bull tau txais kev qhuas rau nws cov peev txheej thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog tib neeg.
Lub xyoo pua 20: koob meej thiab kev txaj muag
Dogfighting tau dhau los ua neeg tsis nyiam nyob rau xyoo pua 20th, thiab Asmeskas tau tsom mus rau qhov zoo ntawm Pit Bull. Lawv raug suav hais tias yog cov dev uas ntseeg siab tau ua haujlwm hnyav rau lub tebchaws uas muaj kev vam meej. Xyoo 1917, Pit Bull tau los ua ib tus neeg tsis zoo li thaum Tebchaws Meskas nkag mus rau Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1. Tus dev tau piav qhia tias yog Asmeskas Pit Bull, tab sis qee qhov xav tias tus dev yog ib feem ntawm Boston Terrier.
Tus Tub Rog Pit Bull
Tus dev, tom qab lub npe hu ua "Stubby," tau taug kev mus rau qhov chaw cob qhia hauv Yale University rau cov tub rog Asmeskas. Tus dev tau ua phooj ywg nrog cov tub rog thiab ua raws lawv nyob ib puag ncig lub yeej. Thaum National Guard cov tub rog xa tawm mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, lawv smuggled Stubby nyob rau hauv S. S. Minnesota. Stubby yog ib qho kev txhawb siab rau cov tub rog Asmeskas uas tsis muaj kev paub dhau los uas tau saib xyuas los ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg Fab Kis, tab sis tsis ntev, Pit Bull tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg zoo siab rau Tebchaws Meskas.
Thaum cov tub rog Asmeskas tau nyob hauv German nroog Schieprey, cov neeg German rov qab tau rub tes grenades rau hauv trenches. Stubby tau khiav mus rau trenches thiab raug mob ntawm nws lub foreleg los ntawm kev tawg. Nws rov qab los ntawm nws qhov txhab thiab koom nrog 17 kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Nws txoj kev ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim thaum nws tua tus neeg soj xyuas German thiab rhuav tshem nws tus ntoo khaub lig hlau. General Pershing, tus thawj coj ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas cov tub rog, tau nthuav tawm Stubby nrog ib qho khoom plig kub uas tau muab los ntawm Humane Education Society uas tom qab ntawd los ua Humane Society. Tom qab tas sim neej nyob rau xyoo 1926, New York Times mob siab rau peb kab rau nws obituary, thiab Smithsonian khaws nws seem.
Hollywood Dogs
Stubby lub koob meej thiab kev hwm tau txhawb cov pej xeem txoj kev hlub ntawm Pit Bull, thiab cov dev pib tshwm sim hauv Hollywood thaum ntxov thiab luv luv. Buster Keaton, Fatty Arbuckle, thiab tus tsim tawm Hal Roach featured bulls hauv lawv cov yeeb yaj kiab. Hal Roach pom Hollywood qhov nto moo tshaj plaws, Pete. Pete tau ua yeeb yam hauv Peb Cov Ncauj Lus thiab Me Me Rascals luv.
Cov nom tswv, cov kws sau ntawv nto moo, thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam txhawb nqa Pit Bulls ua "America's Dog." Qee tus tswv Pit uas paub zoo nyob rau xyoo pua 20th muaj xws li Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain, Fred Astaire, thiab Humphrey Bogart. Txij xyoo 1900s mus txog rau xyoo 1960s, Pit Bulls yog cov tsiaj nyiam ntawm Asmeskas, tab sis xyoo 1970 thiab 1980s tsis zoo li cov tsiaj.
Txoj kev xav rau pej xeem
Lub xyoo 1960s thiab thaum ntxov 1970s yog lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thiab hmoov tsis zoo, cov koom haum dogfighting tau tshwm sim ntau dua. Unreputable, fly-by-night breeders pib tsa Pit Bulls yam tsis muaj kev paub txog kev xaiv yug me nyuam, thiab cov lus ceeb toom ntawm kev tawm tsam dev tau nce ntau hauv xyoo 1970. Xyoo 1974, New York City muaj 35,000 tshaj tawm txog kev tawm tsam dev, thiab tam sim no tus lej ze dua rau 3,500.
Kev tswj hwm qhov kev ua txhaum cai nyuaj vim tias cov koom haum tau nyob hauv ntau lub xeev, tab sis pawg tsiaj txoj cai tau yaum cov xov xwm tshaj tawm cov dab neeg ntxiv txog kev phem ntawm dogfighting kom qhov kev ua txhaum cai tuaj yeem ua txhaum cai. Ntau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim hauv nroog nrog cov zej zog tsawg, thiab cov xov xwm tshaj tawm ntawm kev sib ntaus dev feem ntau ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib ceg hauv lub tebchaws. Xyoo 1976, US Congress txwv tsis pub muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv 50 lub xeev, tab sis qhov tsis zoo ntawm Pit Bull Breed tsuas yog nce ntxiv.
Time Magazine thiab Sports Illustrated
Cov ntawv xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th thaum ntxov tau txhawb nqa Pit Bull ua tus phooj ywg ncaj ncees, tab sis kev tshaj tawm xov xwm ntawm cov tsiaj hauv xyoo 1980 thiab 1990 tau coj lub suab tsis zoo. Xyoo 1987, Lub Sijhawm magazine tau nthuav tawm Pit Bull ntawm nws nplooj ntawv pem hauv ntej nrog lub npe, "Tus Pit Bull phooj ywg thiab Killer." Cov pej xeem tau ntshai tsam cov dev, thiab Sports Illustrated's "Beware This Dog" tsab xov xwm txuas ntxiv nthuav tawm qhov kev xav tias Pits yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tib neeg.
Kev ua phem rau dev yeej tsis nkag siab zoo li thaum 1980s li tam sim no. Bronwen Dickey, tus kws sau ntawv "Pit Bull: Kev Sib Tw Tshaj Tawm Txog Tebchaws Asmeskas" tau luam tawm nws phau ntawv los cuam tshuam cov dab neeg hais txog Pit bulls. Qee qhov tsis raug uas nws tsis lees paub suav nrog:
- Pit Bulls yog hardwired los tua:Kev txhoj puab heev tsis yog ib qho zoo ntawm Pit Bulls. Dogfighters nrhiav kev txhoj puab heev cov menyuam dev hauv cov khib nyiab noj qab haus huv xav txog kev nrhiav ib tus dev "txhais" tawm ntawm tsib txoj kev vam meej. Kev quab yuam Pit Bulls kom dhau kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus, raug rau cov ntsiab lus, thiab kev ua neej nyob tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau tus cwj pwm hnyav dua.
- Qhov tom ntawm Pit Bull yog qhov phem dua li lwm hom tsiaj vim lub puab tsaig kaw: Kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj qhov kev xav tsis zoo no. Lub zog ntawm tus dev tom yog ncaj qha ntsig txog nws qhov loj. Cov dev kawm calibrate lawv tom li menyuam dev thaum pub niam mis.
Txoj kev nyuaj siab ntawm 2007
Tom qab raug ntes los ntawm kev foob tshuaj, Davon Boddie hais rau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav nws nyob ntawm Michael Vick qhov chaw nyob. Vick yog Atlanta Falcon quarterback, thiab thaum cov neeg tshawb xyuas tshawb xyuas nws cov khoom, lawv pom cov pov thawj ntawm dogfighting. Tom qab lwm daim ntawv tso cai, tub ceev xwm pom:
- raug mob, cov dev tsis noj qab nyob zoo chained rau tsheb qag; feem ntau ntawm 51 tus dev yog Pit Bulls
- Kev sib ntaus sib tua cov ntshav
- Pab rape sawv rau impregnating aggressive poj niam Pits
- Txoj kev cob qhia tsiaj thiab khoom siv yug tsiaj
- Txoj kev ua tau zoo-txhim tshuaj ntxiv kom muaj kev aggression
- Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm dogfighting
Michael Vick raug liam tias dag rau tsoomfwv cov kws tshawb fawb tomqab tsuas lees tias tua ob tus dev, thiab nws tau raug kaw 21 lub hlis. Tus qub ncaws pob ncaws pob "Bad Newz Kennels" ua haujlwm nthuav tawm lub ntiaj teb rau cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai Vick's Pit Bulls tau ntsib.
Ua ntej cov tsiaj raug cawm, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav pom tias muaj ntau tus dev uas txaus ntshai tau "npau taws" lawv tus kheej rau hauv av. Lawv pw thaum ib tug los ze lawv vim lawv ntshai tib neeg.
Txoj hmoo zoo, qhov kev ua phem tsis txaus ntseeg tau muaj kev zoo siab xaus rau qhov seem ntawm Vick cov dev sib ntaus sib tua. Ntawm 51 tus dev tau cawm, 48 tau kho dua tshiab thiab muab cov tsev muaj kev hlub. Cov xov xwm xam phaj cov niam txiv tshiab tus tsiaj thiab qhia txog tias cov dev muaj kev hlub thiab ua si li cas. Vick qhov kev ua phem tau pab hloov qhov kev xav ntawm Pits li cov neeg tua neeg.
Thaum Vick cov neeg koom siab hais rau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav txog cov ntsiab lus txaus ntshai ntawm kev tua cov neeg poob ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, suav nrog hluav taws xob, ntaus nrig, thiab ntaus dev kom tuag, neeg Asmeskas thaum kawg pom tias tib neeg yuav tsum liam rau cov dev ua phem. Pit Bulls tsuas yog cov neeg raug tsim txom.
Txoj Kev Xav
Ntau tus dev yug muaj lub cev nqaij daim tawv, lub tsho du, thiab lub puab tsaig loj. Kev txheeb xyuas tus neeg Asmeskas Pit Bull los ntawm kev pom pom tau ua rau ntau tus canines nkag mus rau cov chaw nyob thiab raug euthanized. Lub Pit lub koob npe nrov tau txhim kho zoo txij li kev cawm ntawm Michael Vick cov dev, tab sis cov neeg to taub yuam kev tseem tsis tau khaws nws lub npe qub ntawm "America's Dog.” Cia siab tias, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm canine noob caj noob ces thiab kev ua phem yuav rov hais dua rau pej xeem tias Pit Bull yog ib tug dev zoo tib yam uas xav tau tsev neeg uas muaj kev hlub es tsis txhob haus cov neeg tua ntshav.
