Muaj ib tug Pitbull thiab lwm yam thab plaub dev los nrog nws tus kheej cov kev sib tw tshwj xeeb. Ib yam uas koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tuav koj rov qab los ntawm kev muab koj tus dev lub neej zoo tshaj plaws yog xaiv cov zaub mov zoo. Pitbulls tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev rog rog thiab muaj zog, cov leeg nqaij dev uas yuav tsum tau noj zaub mov kom zoo los tswj lawv lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab zam qhov hnyav. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau koj, peb tau pom thiab tshuaj xyuas 10 cov khoom noj zoo tshaj plaws rau Pitbulls. Qhov no yuav muab koj lub ntsiab lus pib los xaiv cov zaub mov zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus dev, thiab tej zaum txiav txim siab tawm qee yam khoom noj uas koj tsis xav tias yuav ua haujlwm rau lawv.
The 12 Best Dog Foods for Pitbulls
1. Nom Nom Chicken Cuisine Fresh Dog Food Subscription Service - Best Overall
Primary Protein: | Chicken |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 8.5% min |
Fat Content: | 6% min |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 1% max |
Ntau lub tuam txhab khoom noj tshiab tsis ntev los no tau nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj tsiaj, tab sis Nom Nom tau muab nws cov neeg siv khoom noj khoom haus zoo txij li xyoo 2015. Nom Nom muaj plaub pluas noj rau dev, tab sis peb qhov kev xaiv thib 1 zoo tshaj plaws yog Chicken Cuisine. Nws muaj cov nqaij qaib loj, qe, carrots, peas, thiab qos yaj ywm thiab tsis muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov xim cuav, lossis cov tsw qab. Nws sib npaug nrog cov zaub mov tseem ceeb thiab cov vitamins thiab xa mus rau koj lub tsev hauv qhov loj me me rau koj cov canine. Chicken Cuisine yog ib pluas mov rau tib neeg uas tsav dev qus.
Pros
- Tshuaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg-qib qhov chaw
- Nqaij qaib yog thawj cov protein
- Ua tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, xim xim, lossis tsw
- Sib npaug nrog cov zaub mov tseem ceeb thiab cov vitamins
Cons
me ntsis rog dua lwm yam zaub mov txawv
2. Purina Pro Plan Adult Sensitive Skin & Plawv Salmon & Rice Formula - Best Value
Primary Protein: | Salmon |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 26% |
Fat Content: | 16% |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 4% |
Cov khoom noj dev zoo tshaj plaws rau Pitbulls rau cov nyiaj yog Purina Pro Plan Adult Sensitive Skin & Plawv Salmon & Rice Formula, uas txhawb nqa cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov dev nrog cov zaub mov rhiab heev, uas Pitbulls tuaj yeem ua rau. Cov zaub mov no muaj 26% protein, 16% rog, thiab 4% fiber ntau, thiab nws tsis muaj nqaij qaib, txawm tias nws muaj nqaij nyug.
Nws muaj omega fatty acids siab los pab txhawb kev sib koom tes, tawv nqaij, thiab lub tsho tiv no, thiab vitamin A, uas kuj txhawb nqa tawv nqaij thiab lub tsho tiv no. Probiotics thiab prebiotics fiber ntau pab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv ntawm plab hnyuv thiab tuaj yeem pab txo plab plab nrog zaub mov. Nws tsis muaj pob kws, nplej, thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig oatmeal los txhawb koj tus dev kev noj qab haus huv yam tsis ua rau mob plab.
Pros
- Tus nqi zoo tshaj
- 26% protein, 16% rog, thiab 4% fiber
- Pultry free
- High hauv omega fatty acids thiab vitamin A
- Probiotics thiab prebiotic fiber txhawb plab hnyuv noj qab haus huv
- Tsis muaj pob kws, nplej, thiab soy
Cons
Contains nyuj
3. Nom Nom Mash
Primary Protein: | Nqaij |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 8% min |
Fat Content: | 4% min |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 1% max |
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li cov neeg tsim khoom noj tsiaj, Nom Nom ua noj lawv cov zaub mov hauv cov khoom me me thiab tsis siv lub qhov cub uas ua rau cov khoom noj. Lawv cov zaub mov qeeb qeeb yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov dev tuaj tos, thiab Nqaij Npuas Mash yog cov npe ntawm Nom Nom cov zaub mov zoo.
Cov dev uas nkag siab rau nqaij qaib lossis qaib cov txwv yuav nyiam USDA Qib A nqaij nyuj thiab zaub tshiab los ntawm cov liaj teb hauv zos. Nom Nom suav nrog cov zaub mov tseem ceeb thiab cov vitamins hauv nws daim ntawv qhia, suav nrog vitamin E, vitamin B12, niacin, thiab manganese. Nws tseem ntxiv cov roj sunflower thiab roj ntses kom koj tus dev lub tsho ci ntsa iab thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Tom qab saj Nplej Mash, koj tus menyuam dev yuav tig nws lub taub hau thaum nthuav tawm nrog lwm lub npe.
Pros
- Ua nrog USDA qib A nqaij nyuj
- Slow-siav kom khaws tau cov as-ham
- Ntses roj thiab paj noob hlis txhawb nqa lub tsho zoo nkauj
- Zoo rau cov menyuam mos uas muaj nqaij qaib ua xua lossis rhiab heev
Cons
Tsis rau dev rhiab rau qos yaj ywm
4. Purina Pro Plan Puppy Lamb & Rice - Zoo tshaj rau menyuam dev
Primary Protein: | Lamb |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 28% |
Fat Content: | 18% |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 3% |
Purina Pro Plan Puppy Lamb & Rice yog cov zaub mov zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus menyuam dev Pitbull. Cov zaub mov no muaj 28% cov protein, 18% rog, thiab 3% fiber ntau, thiab nws cov menyuam yaj yog thawj cov khoom xyaw. Nws tau tsim tshwj xeeb nrog cov kev xav tau ntawm cov menyuam dev loj hlob hauv siab.
Cov zaub mov no yog qhov zoo ntawm DHA, uas yog omega fatty acid uas txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab qhov muag, thiab lwm yam. Nws tsis muaj xim thiab tsw, thiab cov mis no muaj bioavailable as-ham rau kev nqus siab tshaj plaws. Nws muaj zog nrog probiotics los txhawb kev zom zaub mov hauv koj tus menyuam dev loj hlob. Nws tsis yog formulated rau dev tshaj ib xyoos.
Pros
- Zoo tshaj plaws rau menyuam dev
- 28% protein, 18% rog, thiab 3% fiber
- Qhov zoo ntawm DHA rau lub hlwb thiab qhov muag kev loj hlob
- Tsis muaj xim thiab tsws
- Muaj cov as-ham bioavailable rau kev nqus cov as-ham ntau tshaj
- Txhim kho nrog probiotics rau digestive noj qab haus huv
Cons
Tsis tsim nyog rau dev laus dua ib xyoos
5. Royal Canin Veterinary Diet Satiety Support
Primary Protein: | Chicken |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 28% |
Fat Content: | 5–11.5% |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 8–18.8% |
Royal Canin Veterinary Diet Satiety Support zaub mov muaj kev poob phaus thiab tswj cov txiaj ntsig yam tsis muaj kev txaus siab. Cov zaub mov no yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov dev uas rog rog los yog nquag rog, yog li nws tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws xaiv rau txhua tus Pitbulls thoob plaws lub rooj tsavxwm. Nws nta 28% protein, mus txog 11.5% rog, thiab mus txog 18.8% fiber.
Cov zaub mov noj tsuas yog cov tshuaj no tau ntim nrog cov fiber ntau tshwj xeeb uas txhim kho kev xav ntawm satiety thiab puv nrog tsawg calories. Nws yuav pab txo koj tus dev qhov kev thov, thiab nws muaj glucosamine thiab chondroitin los txhawb kev noj qab haus huv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein ua kom cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm cov nqaij leeg nyob twj ywm, txawm tias koj tus dev poob phaus.
Pros
- Aids hauv yuag poob thiab tswj
- Txhim satiety thiab fullness nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb fiber sib tov
- 28% protein, mus txog 11.5% rog, thiab mus txog 18.8% fiber
- Thov txo kev thov Vajtswv ntawm pluas noj
- Glucosamine thiab chondroitin txhawb kev noj qab haus huv
- Maintains leeg nqaij
Cons
- Tsis yog tsim los rau cov dev uas tsis rog lossis ua rau rog rog
- Tshwj xeeb nkaus xwb
6. Orijen Six Fish Grain-Free
Primary Protein: | Mackerel |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 38% |
Fat Content: | 18% |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 4% |
The Orijen Six Fish Grain-Free dog food is a great choice for food for your Pitbull. Cov zaub mov no muaj rau tag nrho cov ntses, suav nrog mackerel thiab herring, thiab muaj 38% protein, 18% rog, thiab 4% fiber. Nws tsis muaj nplej, yog li nco ntsoov tham nrog koj tus kws kho tsiaj ua ntej hloov mus rau cov zaub mov no, vim tias cov zaub mov tsis muaj nplej tsis tsim nyog rau txhua tus dev.
Txog li 85% ntawm cov zaub mov no muaj cov khoom xyaw ntses thiab nws tsis muaj nqaij qaib, nqaij nyuj, thiab lwm yam tsis yog ntses tsiaj proteins. Nws yog cov khoom noj khoom haus-dense thiab muaj khov-dried nyoos txheej ntawm txhua kibble los txhim kho lub palatability thiab nutrient ntom ntawm cov zaub mov. Nws tsis muaj pob kws, taum pauv, thiab nplej, thiab yog qhov zoo ntawm omega fatty acids rau kev sib koom tes, tawv nqaij, thiab lub tsho tiv no kev noj qab haus huv.
Pros
- nrog ntau ntses tag nrho
- 38% protein, 18% rog, thiab 4% fiber
- Txog 85% ntawm daim ntawv qhia no yog ntses-raws li
- Tsis muaj nqaij qaib, nqaij nyuj, yaj, nqaij npuas, pob kws, kua, thiab nplej
- Nyob qhuav qhuav qhuav txheej kom txhim khu palatability thiab khoom noj khoom haus
- Qhov zoo ntawm omega fatty acids
Cons
- Premium price
- Grain-free
7. Almo Nature HQS Ntuj Qaib & Tuna nrog Zaub
Primary Protein: | Nqaij qaib thiab tuna |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 82% |
Fat Content: | 6% |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 6% |
The Almo Nature HQS Ntuj Qaib & Tuna nrog Zaub yog cov zaub mov ntub nrog stew zoo li sib xws. Nws muaj 82% protein thiab 2.6% fiber tab sis tsuas yog 2.6% rog. Cov zaub mov no tsuas muaj rau cov khoom xyaw, thiab nqaij qaib thiab tuna ob qho tib si rau 31% ntawm daim ntawv qhia txhua.
Nws yog ua los ntawm cov nqaij uas yog tsim los rau tib neeg noj, yog li koj paub qhov zoo. Nws tsis pub dawb ntawm cov xim cuav thiab cov khoom khaws cia, cov khoom lag luam, thiab cov khoom ntxiv. Cov zaub mov no yog qhov zoo ntawm omega fatty acids thiab lean, zoo proteins. Nws tuaj yeem tig nrog lwm cov khoom noj los ntawm HQS kab, ua kom muaj kev noj haus ntau yam tsis ua rau mob plab. Cov zaub mov no muag rau tus nqi hwm yog tias koj pub nws ua cov khoom noj thawj zaug.
Pros
- 82% protein, 2.6% rog, thiab 2.6% fiber
- Limited cov khoom xyaw nrog tag nrho cov proteins ua ntau tshaj 60% ntawm daim ntawv qhia
- Ua los ntawm tib neeg cov khoom noj zoo
- Dawb ntawm cov xim cuav thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov khoom lag luam, thiab cov khoom ntxiv
- Qhov zoo ntawm omega fatty acids
- Tau tig nrog lwm yam khoom noj los ntawm HQS kab
Cons
Premium price
8. Inukshuk Professional Dry Dog Food 32/32
Primary Protein: | Chicken |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 32% |
Fat Content: | 32% |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 3% |
The Inukshuk Professional Dry Dog Food 32/32 yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau cov dev nquag thiab ua haujlwm. Nws muaj 32% protein, 32% rog, thiab 3% fiber. Cov zaub mov no tsis yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau cov dev uas rog dhau, tsis muaj zog lossis muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev mob nkeeg uas yuav ua rau muaj kev noj zaub mov muaj roj ntau, xws li pancreatitis.
Nws yog qhov zoo ntawm omega fatty acids los txhawb cov tawv nqaij, lub tsho, thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj tus dev nquag. Nws muaj cov probiotics los txhawb kev noj qab haus huv ntawm plab zom mov, thiab cov zaub mov no yog cov mis muaj zog, uas yuav tsum tau noj tsawg dua thiab ntxuav cov poop tsawg. Nws yog digestible thiab nutrient-dense, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau tus dev nquag hauv koj lub neej. Cov zaub mov no muag rau tus nqi hwm, txawm hais tias qhov no tau raug tshem tawm me ntsis los ntawm nws tau concentrated.
Pros
- Kev xaiv zoo rau cov dev nquag heev
- 32% protein thiab 3% fiber
- Qhov zoo ntawm omega fatty acids
- Probiotics txhawb kev noj qab haus huv
- Cov mis ntau ntau txo cov nqi noj thiab cov khoom pov tseg
Cons
- Ntau rog
- Premium price
9. Instinct Be Natural Salmon & Brown Rice Freeze-Dried Raw-Coated Food
Primary Protein: | Salmon |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 25% |
Fat Content: | 14% |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 5% |
The Instinct Be Natural Salmon & Brown Rice Freeze-Dried Raw-Coated Food yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo yog tias koj txaus siab rau cov khoom noj nyoos tsis tau tshem tawm cov nplej. Nws muaj 25% protein, 14% rog, thiab 4.5% fiber ntau, nrog rau cov ntses salmon yog thawj cov khoom xyaw.
Cov zaub mov no txhawb nqa cov leeg nqaij ntshiv, thiab nws tsis muaj cov fillers, pob kws, kua, nplej, cov khoom noj khoom haus, thiab cov xim thiab cov khoom noj. Txhua daim ntawm kibble yog coated nrog khov-dried nyoos zaub mov los txhim kho palatability thiab nutrient ntom. Nws yog dawb ntawm nqaij qaib thiab yog tsim nrog bioavailable as-ham rau siab tshaj plaws assorption. Nws muag rau tus nqi hwm, thiab qee tus neeg tshaj tawm lawv cov dev tuaj yeem nrhiav tsis pom cov zaub mov no txaus siab li qee qhov kev xaiv.
Pros
- 25% protein, 14% rog, thiab 4.5% fiber
- Supports lean nqaij pawg
- Tsis pub muaj cov fillers, pob kws, taum pauv, nqaij qaib, nplej, zaub mov los ntawm cov khoom, thiab cov xim cuav thiab cov khoom khaws cia
- Coated nrog khov-dried nyoos zaub mov los txhim khu palatability thiab nutrient ntom
- Bioavailable as-ham siab tshaj plaws assorption
Cons
- Premium price
- Tej zaum tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov neeg noj zaub mov noj
10. Farmina N&D Ocean Salmon & Cod
Primary Protein: | Salmon |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 3% |
Fat Content: | 7% |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 2% |
Farmina N&D Ocean Salmon & Cod yog cov zaub mov kaus poom nrog salmon, cod, thiab herring ua thawj peb cov khoom xyaw. Nws muaj 55.3% cov protein, 23.7% rog, thiab 3.2% fiber ntau ntawm cov teeb meem qhuav. Qhov no tsis yog ib qho kev xaiv zaub mov zoo rau Pitbulls uas xav tau cov zaub mov muaj roj tsawg mus rau nruab nrab.
Nws tsis muaj legumes, thickeners, thiab ntxiv dej los yog broth, thiab cov zaub mov yog steamed nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm rau siab tshaj plaws freshness. Nws yog qhov zoo ntawm omega fatty acids rau daim tawv nqaij, lub tsho, thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev sib koom tes, thiab nws tau ua kom ntom ntom hauv cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nqus siab tshaj plaws. Yog tias noj cov zaub mov no ua cov zaub mov tseem ceeb, nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj. Nov yog zaub mov noj dev tsis pub noj.
Pros
- Salmon, cod, thiab herring yog thawj cov khoom xyaw
- 3% protein thiab 3.2% fiber
- Tsis muaj legumes, thickeners, ntxiv dej, thiab broth
- Steam hauv lub kaus mom
- Qhov zoo ntawm omega fatty acids thiab bioavailable as-ham
Cons
- Hloov rog
- Premium price
- Grain-free
11. Merrick Back Lub Tebchaws Raw Infused Great Plains Red Recipe
Primary Protein: | Nqaij |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 38% |
Fat Content: | 17% |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 5% |
The Merrick Back Country Raw Infused Great Plains Red Recipe yog ib qho zoo xaiv rau cov dev nrog zaub mov rhiab heev vim nws tsis muaj nqaij qaib. Nws muaj 38% protein, 17% rog, thiab 3.5% fiber. Cov zaub mov no yog tsim los kom digestible thiab nutrient-dense.
Cov kibbles no yog coated nyob rau hauv khov-dried nyoos zaub mov los txhim kho nutrient ntom thiab palatability. Nws tsis muaj pob kws, nplej, thiab soy. Qhov no yog cov zaub mov tsis muaj nplej uas muag rau tus nqi hwm. Nws yog npaj los pab koj tus dev tswj cov qib zog txhua hnub thiab txhawb nqa cov leeg nqaij ntshiv. Muaj cov nqaij khov-qhuav sib xyaw nrog cov kibble, thiab qee tus neeg qhia lawv cov dev khaws cov khoom khov-qhuav los noj lawv es tsis txhob kibble nws tus kheej.
Pros
- Kev xaiv zoo rau dev nrog zaub mov rhiab heev
- 38% protein, 17% rog, thiab 3.5% fiber
- Designed kom digestible heev, nutrient-dense, thiab palatable
- Tsis muaj nqaij qaib, pob kws, nplej, thiab tau soy
- Txhim kho lub zog noj qab haus huv thiab cov leeg nqaij ntshiv
Cons
- zaub mov tsis muaj nplej
- Premium price
- Qee tus dev nyiam cov nqaij khov-qhuav hla lub kibble
12. Essence Limited Cov khoom xyaw Ranch Recipe
Primary Protein: | Lamb |
Protein Cov ntsiab lus: | 50% |
Fat Content: | 34% |
Fiber Cov ntsiab lus: | 8% |
The Essence Limited Ingredient Ranch Recipe yog cov khoom noj ntub dej uas haum rau Pitbulls nrog rau cov nqaij qaib thiab ntses. Cov zaub mov no muaj 50% protein, 34% rog, thiab 6.8% fiber ntau ntawm cov teeb meem qhuav. Qhov no tsis yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau cov dev uas tsis tuaj yeem noj zaub mov muaj rog.
Nws tsis muaj legumes, gluten, pob kws, nplej, thiab soy tab sis muaj fiber ntau cov khoom xyaw xws li taub dag thiab quinoa. Cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau tuaj yeem pab ua kom satiety thiab tiv thaiv kev tshaib kev nqhis ntawm pluas noj thaum noj raws li qhia. Cov zaub mov no muaj cov dev nrog lub plab rhiab hauv siab thiab yog digestible heev thiab maj mam ntawm lub plab. Thaum pub noj yog thawj qhov khoom noj, cov zaub mov no tuaj yeem tau kim.
Pros
- Suitable for dogs with food rhiab heev
- 50% protein thiab 6.8% fiber
- Tsis muaj legumes, gluten, pob kws, nplej, thiab soy
- Fiber-nplua nuj cov khoom xyaw txhawb satiety
Cons
- Ntau rog
- Premium price
Tus Neeg Yuav Khoom Qhia - Xaiv Cov Khoom Noj Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau Pitbulls
Kuv Yuav Xaiv Cov Zaub Mov Tsis Pub Noj Rau Kuv Pitbull?
Tam sim no, cov kws kho tsiaj thiab cov zej zog tshawb fawb tsis tau pom zoo rau qhov no. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj nplej tuaj yeem txuas rau kev txhim kho mob plawv hauv cov dev. Pitbulls tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb rau cov teeb meem no, tab sis txij li nws tsis paub yog tias cov khoom noj tsis muaj nplej yog qhov ua rau, feem ntau cov kws kho tsiaj yuav pom zoo kom koj tsis txhob noj zaub mov tsis pub noj rau tam sim no. Nco ntsoov tham nrog koj tus kws kho tsiaj ua ntej pib koj tus dev ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj nplej kom koj tuaj yeem tham txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo nrog lawv.
Lwm txoj kev xav hais txog kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj nplej thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob plawv yog tias nws tsis yog qhov tsis muaj nplej hauv cov zaub mov uas yog qhov teeb meem. Hloov chaw, cov khoom xyaw uas ntxiv rau cov zaub mov los hloov cov nplej yuav yog qhov teeb meem. Cov no feem ntau yog legumes, zoo li lentils thiab peas, thiab qos yaj ywm. Cov zaub mov uas tau txuas nrog kev txhim kho ntawm dilated cardiomyopathy feem ntau hu ua "BEG" cov zaub mov, uas sawv cev rau "cov tuam txhab boutique, cov khoom xyaw txawv, thiab cov khoom noj tsis muaj nplej." Lwm cov khoom noj uas tau pom muaj peev xwm txuas tau suav nrog cov neeg tsis noj nqaij, vegan, thiab cov khoom noj hauv tsev.
Txoj Kev Xav
Tom qab nyeem cov kev tshuaj xyuas no, peb vam tias koj tau pom qhov pib zoo los nrhiav kev noj zaub mov zoo rau koj Pitbull. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws xaiv tag nrho yog Nom Nom Chicken Cuisine uas yog cov zaub mov tshiab tshiab uas txhawb nqa kev ua kom puv thiab tuaj yeem pab poob phaus. Rau kev siv nyiaj nruj dua, lub hnab loj ntawm Purina Pro Plan Adult Sensitive Skin & Plawv Salmon & Rice Formula yuav tsis tawg lub txhab nyiaj thiab yuav ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm koj lub Pitbull. Yog tias koj tab tom pub tus menyuam dev Pitbull, qhov kev xaiv sab saum toj yog Nom Nom nqaij nyug mash, uas yog tsim nrog cov kev xav tau ntawm cov dev.