Thaum koj xav txog yuav ua li cas taboo inbreeding zoo li, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ntseeg hais tias peb tau siv txoj kev no los tsim champion bloodlines nyob rau hauv canines rau centuries. Ntau hom tsiaj uas peb paub thiab nyiam niaj hnub no yog cov khoom ntawm inbreeding. Nws tsis yog phem li nws suab, qhov tseeb, muaj cov txiaj ntsig thawj zaug rau cov txheej txheem xav tom qab nws.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev tshawb fawb xaus, kev yug menyuam dev muaj qhov mob ntau dua li qhov zoo. Wb sib tham raws nraim li cas tus dev inbreeding, lub txim ntawm aub inbreeding, thiab koj yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob nws.
Dog Inbreeding yog dab tsi?
Inbreeding yog ib qho kev ua uas ob tug kwv tij dev sib koom ua ke los tsim cov xeeb ntxwv. Qhov kev tawm tsam no tau siv ntau zaus los txhim kho thiab txhim kho cov ntshav zoo.
Kev nkag siab, kev loj hlob thaum ntxov yuav tsum muaj qee theem ntawm kev yug me nyuam, txawm tias tsis muaj kev siv rau tam sim no. Cov cons considerably tshaj qhov pros, ua qhov kev xyaum no inefficient thiab detrimental.
Inbreeding vs. Linebreeding
Inbreeding constitutes ib tug txheeb ze tsiaj sib xyaw ua ke. Linebreeding yog ib hom kev yug me nyuam uas dev yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam nyob deb, tab sis kev yug me nyuam yuav tshwm sim. Txoj kev no alleviates ib co apprehension txog inbreeding tab sis yuav complexly puas, ib yam nkaus thiab.
Ntau tus yug me nyuam vehemently tiv thaiv kab mob, thov tias tag nrho cov ntshav yog tseeb. Tab sis yeej tsis muaj txoj hauv kev paub tias thaum twg kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis zoo ntawm cov noob caj noob ces yuav tshwm sim ntau ntxiv.
How Genetics Work
Yog tias ob tug khub niam txiv sib koom ua ke, ob qho tib si touting cov yam ntxwv zoo, lawv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev. Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si muaj feem cuam tshuam, cov noob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm cov kab ke nrog txhua lub litter.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov chaw zoo sib txuas lus dag-qhov phem ua, ib yam nkaus. Genetic tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau "bred tawm" ntawm ib tug yug me nyuam, tsuas yog yuav tsum reintroduced tsuas yog muaj ob daim ntawv luam ntawm tib yam tsis zoo.
Muaj cov noob hloov pauv hu ua recessive, dominant, thiab additive. Dominant genes yog cov feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv litters ntawm ib tug loj teev. Cov noob caj noob ces yog cov muaj zog, qhia tau los ntawm ib txwm nyob hauv txhua lub litter.
Cov noob ntxiv yog cov uas muaj ob lossis ntau dua cov noob muab ib feem rau tus menyuam dev pleev. Yog li ntawd, lawv sib ntsib sib haum xeeb. Thiab yog tias lawv tsis ua, cov teeb meem no yooj yim dua kom tshem tawm.
Cov noob caj noob ces yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis. Xav txog cov noob caj noob ces zoo li cov uas dai ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum ntawm qhov kev ua si tsuas yog tos kom raug hu mus rau lub tshav pob - nws yog qhov cia. Nws zoo li muaj me nyuam xiav qhov muag yug rau cov niam txiv xim av. Nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, cov noob dormant kom txog thaum txoj kev sib xyaw hits.
Cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem tiag tiag ntawm kev yug me nyuam vim lawv tuaj yeem tsim tau ob daim ntawv luam ntawm tib lub noob. Cov kab mob tsis xav tau caj ces tuaj yeem rov tshwm sim, kev tsis taus ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem ua tau, thiab lwm yam teeb meem tuaj yeem qhia tau, ib yam nkaus.
Yog li, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, yog tias tus menyuam dev yog tus menyuam dev - txhais tau tias cov niam txiv tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam - cov ntawv luam ntawm cov noob tsis zoo yuav ploj mus sai. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tau txais ob daim ntawv luam ntawm tib lub noob tsis zoo vim yog kev yug me nyuam, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav.
Cia peb mus rau tus lej
Cov neeg yug me nyuam yuav tsum mob siab rau kev paub txog kev huv huv hauv cov hlab ntshav kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem genetic mishaps-thiab inbreeding yog ib ntus kho rau qhov teeb meem mus sij hawm ntev.
Cov neeg txheeb ze ze ze rau tsev neeg ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua uas tau txais ob daim ntawv tsis zoo ntawm cov noob. Piv txwv li, yog tias leej niam yug me nyuam, nws dhau 50% ntawm nws cov caj ces rau txhua tus menyuam dev. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias muaj 50% txoj hauv kev ntawm cov noob tsis zoo hauv leej niam kis DNA mus rau txhua lub pip.
Ib tug txiv neej nyob hauv nkuaj yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo nqa daim ntawv phem. Yog leej niam thiab tus tub yug me nyuam, qhov ntawd tso 25% txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tso cov ntawv luam ntawm cov caj ces tawg mus rau cov khib nyiab.
Feem pua txo qis dua qhov koj tau txais hauv kab, tab sis txhua yam nws yuav siv yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov noob los tsim cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv lossis cov qauv tsiaj tsis zoo.
Cuas Coefficient of Inbreeding
Dov koj lub tes tsho-nws yog lub sijhawm rau qee qhov lej. Muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev uas koj tuaj yeem suav cov coefficient ntawm inbreeding (COI). COI koom nrog pinning cov cim kom pom qhov ua lej ntawm kev yug me nyuam raws li genome.
Nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus menyuam dev tsim los ntawm kev tau txais ib qho allele los ntawm ob lub pas dej ua ke thiab sire siv rau kev yug me nyuam. Qhov kev suav no muab rau cov neeg yug tsiaj rau lub teeb ntsuab lossis liab thaum txiav txim siab rau cov phooj ywg tsim nyog rau yav tom ntej litters.
Hauv qhov xav tau COI, koj tab tom nrhiav cov lej hauv qab 5%. Txhua yam dhau ntawm qhov pib yog suav tias siab thiab tsis pom zoo rau kev ua khub.
Problems of Inbreeding
Peb twb tau tham txog qhov no yuav ua li cas muaj ob daim ntawv theej ntawm cov noob phem ua rau muaj teeb meem litters. Yog li, dab tsi raws nraim yuav inbreeding ua rau menyuam dev?
Kab mob caj ces
Thaum koj tshawb fawb cov tsiaj, koj puas tau pom tias qee qhov "predisposed" rau qee yam mob? Piv txwv li, German Shepherds muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm hip dysplasia, thiab Golden Retrievers yog qhov ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.
Qhov ntawd yog vim kev yug me nyuam ntxov ua rau cov menyuam yaus tau txais cov noob caj noob ces rov ua dua. Tam sim no, peb muaj ntau yam teeb meem ntsig txog kev yug me nyuam uas hnyav zuj zus thaum tib neeg txuas ntxiv txoj kev no.
Genetic Birth Defects
Ntawm cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, koj kuj tseem muaj peev xwm yug me nyuam. Kev yug me nyuam ob tus dev uas zoo sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev ua kom zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam txawv txav. Txawm hais tias qee qhov kev xiam oob khab tuaj yeem tswj tau, lwm tus ua rau muaj teeb meem tas mus li rau tus dev.
Ntau tus txiv dev yug los muaj qhov tsis zoo yog suav tias yog qhov tsis zoo, yog li lawv yuav tsis tsim nyog rau npe. Tej zaum lawv tsuas yog muag ntawm "tus tsiaj nkaus xwb", tsis tsim nyog los ntawm kev yug me nyuam lossis kev sib tw.
Vim kev nyuaj siab
Thaum leej niam yug tau ib tug me nyuam yug me nyuam, tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem. Puppies khiav txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yug me nyuam, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev yug menyuam. Yog tias tus menyuam dev tawm mus, nws tuaj yeem tso rau hauv lub plab mog, ua rau niam muaj teeb meem xa.
Qhov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam tshwm sim, thiab tsis muaj leej twg zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, leej niam hla tus menyuam dev thiab cov tom qab nws nyob tom qab muaj teeb meem me ntsis. Qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws, koj tuaj yeem plam cov kwv tij lossis leej niam thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Nws kuj tseem yuav txo cov khib nyiab loj. Txoj kev tshawb no ua rau Dachshunds piav qhia txog kev yug me nyuam cuam tshuam qhov loj thiab yug ntawm litters.
Tsev Teeb Meem
Ntawm tag nrho lwm yam, koj tau ntsib teeb meem loj nrog tus cwj pwm tsis zoo. Puppies uas yog cov khoom ntawm inbreeding yuav muaj ntau nervousness, aggression, thiab unpredictability tshaj cov outbred.
Yog tias koj cog lus tias yuav tsim cov dev zoo, ib tus cwj pwm tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub koob npe nrov - ntuj ceeb tsheej txwv tsis pub tus menyuam raug tom hauv qhov txheej txheem.
Txoj kev zoo
Thaum koj yug dev ntau dhau lawm, koj tuaj yeem ua rau ntau qhov chaw zoo, suav nrog kev ua neej nyob. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov noob caj noob ces, ua rau cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo thiab cov qauv tsis zoo.
Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev xeeb tub, ib yam nkaus. Cov txiv neej yuav tsim cov phev muaj zog tsawg los yog muaj peev xwm ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Cov poj niam yuav muaj teeb meem xeeb tub, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam loj rau koj txoj kev lag luam yug me nyuam.
Tshuaj ntsuab
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa phooj ywg sawv daws
Yog tias koj khaws ib khub, nco ntsoov tias ib tus dev tau spayed lossis neutered-zoo tshaj plaws, sib cais tag nrho (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij estrus). Tej zaum koj yuav tsis paub txog cov cim qhia ntawm cua sov kom txog thaum nws lig dhau lawm.
Inbreeding tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem rov qab tsis tau
Inbreeding ua rau tag nrho cov menyuam dev tsis zoo. Yog li, koj cov litter yuav tsis muaj zog li. Nws kuj tseem yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis haum xeeb ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab lub cev-ntxiv, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm cov menyuam yug tshiab.
Cuas COI
Xaiv COI ua ntej xaiv ib tug khub rau koj lub pas dej da dej los yog tus tswv kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem kev yug me nyuam.
Nco ntsoov tias txoj kev sib hlub tseem nyob ua ke
Txawm tias tej yam zoo uas koj xav tsim los ntawm kev yug me nyuam, linebreeding tsis yog lo lus teb. Nws tseem suav tias yog kev yug me nyuam thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev vam meej ntawm koj cov litter.
Txoj Kev Xav
Kev yug me nyuam yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees, thiab txhua tus neeg yug me nyuam yuav tsum tsis lees paub lub tswv yim. Raws li kev sim COI, koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib tus khub rau koj lub pas dej lossis tus sire uas ua tau raws li 5% lossis tsawg dua txoj cai hauv cov menyuam dev - yog li ntawd yuav siv ntau qhov kev kwv yees tawm ntawm nws rau koj.
Txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov yug menyuam uas koj nyiam, tsis tu ncua ua koj txoj haujlwm kom tsis txhob yug menyuam yog qhov tseem ceeb.
